Discussion About GMO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discussion About GMO - Essay Example In fact, it is estimated by analysts that approximately 70% of all processed foods in restaurants and supermarkets are genetically modified. While this technology can aid in crop production, in the agricultural sector, as well as increasing food nutrients, reducing pollution, slowing the ripening process, and creating pharmaceutical products, it should be controlled strictly; it has the ability to create superweeds, induce allergic responses, create genetic pollution, and pose health risks to humans and wild species. Therefore, genetically modified organisms need to be controlled stringently since they have detrimental effects on humans and the environment. GMO Foods are Unsafe GMO’s promote high health risk problems to the consumer. Even though regulation can be done, through research, to make sure they are safe, for some reason, GMOs are not regulated or tested adequately (Somerville, 2010). These tests, primarily, need strict procedures, guidelines, and duration for them to be effective. The real problem has to do with the submission procedure rather than the scientific procedure. This leads to tens of thousands of submissions to government agencies annually for approval to sell the GMOs. Because of the endless information provided to the agencies, the agencies simply go through the submissions and, sans detailed examination, scrutiny, or study, endorse them. The net result of this is that companies like Monsanto keep submitting data and research, and the government keeps approving them. Another problem with systems of safety regulation is the fact that employees at companies and regulatory agencies are the same (Somerville, 2010). For instance, Michael Friedman, who is the former acting commissioner of the FDA, is now senior VP at G.D. Searle & Co., which is a division of Monsanto. Hence, there is inadequate regulation of GMOs, despite their potentially negative impacts on the environment and human health. In addition, genetically modified organisms can lead to allergic responses in various individuals because of allergens found in the organisms. These reactions normally happen when the immune system of humans interprets them as offensive and invasive and react accordingly (Somerville, 2010). While this does not occur often, allergic reactions may be dangerous, in some cases, even fatal. Some studies have indicated that genetically modified organisms provoke reactions of the immune system. For example, rats that are given corn genetically engineered at Monsanto suffer from a significant rise in leukocytes, meaning that they undergo an abnormal activation of their immune system. To add to this experiment, it has also been proven scientifically that soybeans that are genetically modified have more allergens than the wild species (Somerville, 2010). One soy allergen known as Trypsin inhibitor is at levels that are seven times higher than in the wild species. The situation can be worsened if individuals do not know that their aller gic responses are caused by these GMOs after they eat them, which makes it difficult for doctors to diagnose the real cause because the allergens are not easily detectable in GMOs. GMOs are Costly Socio-economically There is an economic imbalance between producers, marketed foods, and large industrial corporations.

The Effect of Different Levels of Radiation in Growth of Plants Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Different Levels of Radiation in Growth of Plants Essay ABSTRACT The effect of different levels of radiation was determined using four set-ups-10kR, 30kR, 50 kR, and the control (no radiation). The four set-ups were observed for nine weeks and growth (in cm), germination, and survival rate was measured. Results showed that at the right level of radiation level (10 kR), radiation have a positive effect on the plant growth and has the same germination and survival rate from the control set up. The 30 kR set up and 50 kR set up are relatively smaller in growth than the control set up. Thus, increasing the radiation level above 10 kr corn inhibits its growth in terms of height and decreases the percent germination ofcorn (Zea mays L.) but with right amount of radiation at 10 kr radiation has a positive effects in terms of growth. INTRODUCTION According to (Mendioro, Laude, Barrion, Diaz, Mendoza, Ramirez, 2010), Mutations are changes in the genetic material that are heritable and essentially permanent. Mutations either may be spontaneous, or induced by physical or chemical agents. Ionizing radiation such as X-rays, protons, neutrons and alpha, beta, and gamma rays from radioactive sources like radium and cobalt-90, X-rays and other ionizing radiation is one of the common mutagenic agents that break DNA strand which produce chromosome breaks rather than base changes (Ramirerz, Mendioro, Laude, 2010). Ionizing radiation can penetrate tissues and undergo ionization forming ions. These ions undergo chemical reactions to have a stable chemical configuration. While doing these, ions produce breaks in chromosomes, (DNA) which induce mutation (Das, 2006). The biological effect of ionizing radiation depends mainly on the amount of energy absorbed by the biological system of which, of course, the chromosomes are the most target (Harten, 1998). However according to Wort (1941) as cited by (Sax, 1955) wheat seeds irradiated with low doses of X rays produced larger plants than the control. The study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of radiation on plant growth in corn (Zea mays L.). The specific objectives were: 1.To  observe the effects of different levels of radiation on plant growth in termes of height, germination, and survivability, and 2.To explain the observe effects of radiation in corn (Zea mays L.) to its growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the result of different levels of radiation in plant growth of corn, corn seeds were irradiated at varying doses: 10 kR,30 kR, and 50 kR. These irradiated seeds were at the same time and the same place including the control set-up. For nine weeks, the data for plant growth (cm), germination rate(%), survivability rate (%) were collected and tabulated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As seen in Table 1, results show that the the set-up that was irradiated with 30 kR and 50 kR ended the lowest percent germination while the set-up that was irradiated with 10 kR was the same with the control based on percent germination which is 100%. At the first date of observation, the lowest in average height is the set-up that was irradiated with 50 kR. With the same date and place of planting, you can conclude that radiation has an effect to the plant growth, germination, and survival of the plant. You can see at the Graph 1 that the control set-up and the 10 kR set-up are almost the same but in the end of the graph, the 10 kR set-up was the highest in terms of average plant height.  At 50 kR, the plant cannot survive anymore due to the radiation and no data was recorded because the survival rate is 0% means all the plants in the 50 kR was dead.  Unlike in the 10 kR, 30 kR set-ups was relatively lower than 10 kR setup in terms of plant growth, survival rate and germination rate. Plants have some resistant to some radiation because plants do not have lotions and sunblocks and they need sunlight for photosynthesis and we know that the sun emits UV  rays. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The effect of different levels of radiation was observed by irradiating corn seed using three different setups-10 kR, 30 kR, and 50 kR. Data was collected and shown. Thus, there is a certain level of radiation that can make a plant grow more. In this experiment, we conclude that at 10 kR, corn plants grow better because of mutation. Furthermore, this experiment is subjected to further reseach to improve the conclusion that at certain level radiation, plants grow better. Bibliography Das, L. D. (2006). Genetics and Plant Breeding. New Age International Ltd. Harten, A. M. (1998). Mutation Breeding: Theory and Practical Applications. Cambridge University Press. Mendioro, M. S., Laude, R. P., Barrion, A. A., Diaz, M. Q., Mendoza, J. C., Ramirez, D. A. (2010). Genetics: Laboratory Manual 12th Revision. 7 Lakes Printing Press. Ramirerz, D. A., Mendioro, M. S., Laude, R. P. (2010). Lectures in Genetics Ninth Edition. 7 Lakes Printing Press. Sax, K. (1955). The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Plant Growth. American Journal of Botany, 360-364.

Applications of G.I.S. in Agriculture and Ecology :: Agricultural Environment Farm Essays Papers

Applications of G.I.S. in Agriculture and Ecology Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) is one of the fastest growing technologies today. This field covers anything and everything that can be mapped, anything from weeds to urban sprawl, if it can be mapped, G.I.S. can be used. G.I.S. uses computers to store, analyze, and show data collected about a given topic(Kennedy 1), (Zimmerman 5-9, 73-91). G.I.S. basically turns a computer into an atlas(Kennedy 1). With all this information available, how can it help the field of agriculture? G.I.S. has been used to track the spread of noxious weeds, grasshoppers, soil types, and various other factors, which help in agriculture. First off, we can cover some G.I.S. basics. The information that is put into G.I.S. is collected from remote sensing, which can consist of aerial photography, satellite imagery, or raw G.P.S. data. G.I.S. has two main categories: raster and vector(Johnston 1-77). Raster G.I.S. uses cells and numbers to represent real objects in the world(Johnston 1-77), (Zimmerman 5-9, 73-91). These cells are assigned numerical values to represent objects in the real world. For example a certain cell could be numbered 353, and could represent a swamp, mountain, river bed, or any other physical feature found on the earth, or whatever the G.I.S. is being applied to. Vector G.I.S. represents the world by using a series of lines, shapes, and points. This G.I.S. presents physical features, or whatever the G.I.S. applies to in realistic shapes(Zimmerman 5-9, 73-91). Both of these types of G.I.S. would be applicable in agricultural systems, the vector type being more visual oriented and the raster looking m ore like a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet(Zimmerman 5-9, 73-91). It just depends on what you are studying, for example the terrain analysis for a new field would probably be best suited to a vector G.I.S., whereas a raster G.I.S. would be more applicable in following the movement of grasshoppers across the state of Wyoming(Zimmerman 5-9, 73-91). G.I.S. applications are currently being used to track weed invasion in the Jack Morrow Hills area of northern Sweetwater County and southwestern Fremont County(Gillham 1-68). This is done through the remote sensing application of aerial photography. The mapping of weeds is very important to the agriculturist. They can use the information that has been collected to put forth preventative measures to keep out certain invasive species. This plays a huge role near the Jack Morrow Hills, the nearby communities of Farson and Eden both rely mainly on hay and alfalfa crops as a source of income, and with G.

Creon Character Trait Essay

The Greek tragedy Antigone, by Sophocles, introduces characters that can be described as tragic heroes. This tragedy has the character face with a dramatic reconciliation. Creon, one of the main characters in the play, is a major tragic hero because of his personal characteristics and the actions he made. There were three specific characteristics that can be explained to describe Creon’s personality. He was ignorant, rude and insecure. Creon had a natural habit of being ignorant of others. He refuses to notice other people’s opinion, advice and point of view. Creon believes that since he was the king, he had the right to make decisions without bothering to discuss it with others. Creon refuses to listen to the wise words of Teiresas about letting Antigone bury Polynecies. He does not follow the advice soon enough and suffers with a catastrophe of the death of his beloved son and wife. This fully shows Creon being ignorant considering the fact that Teiresas’ guidance is always the finest and is taken by many other kings. Another example of Creon being ignorant in this tragedy is when Haemon gently persuades his father that arresting Antigone would not be the best decision, especially since he is engaged to her. But Creon refuses to listen and does not realize there is a significant relationship between his son and Antigone. He just follows through with what he thinks is right. He also does not take notice to the point of view of the citizens of Thebes and how they disagreed to that fact of Polynecies not being buried. Considering he is the king, everyone’s expectation is that he would listen to the citizens of the country, but Creon’s ignorant behaviour doesn’t let him do the right thing. The realization to overcome his ignorance does not come in soon enough to save his family. Another character trait the King of Thebes has is his show of rudeness. Creon had an egoistic way of seeing things. One example of him being rude was when he accused Teiresas of accepting bribery because Creon just can’t accept it when Teiresas tells him that nature itself is rebelling against Creon’s double sacrilege. Accusing the seer of bribery is disrespectful because, he only said that for his own benefit of believing he was right and Teiresas was wrong. Teiresas was a seer and therefore deserved more respect than what he was given. Creon was being self-absorbed and not seeing that Teiresas was trying to help him. Creon’s verbal language likewise is very hurtful to others. When Haemon talks to Creon about Antigone, Creon says â€Å"If she’s a bitch, you’ll feel a coldness as she lies beside you. Can there be anything worse than giving your love to a bitch that doesn’t deserve it?† (pg17). Considering the fact that Haemon was engaged to Antigone, and Antigone is Creon’s niece, this was a rude remark for Creon to make. He had no respect for the relationship between them. While speaking with Antigone, Creon also added, â€Å"Oh, go to hell, -you and your marriage with you†. Many of the times, Creon would make rude remarks about others without realizing the affect of his words. One of the main reasons Creon had so much arrogance was because of the insecurity hiding underneath his personality. Even though he seemed powerful on the outside with all his fame as being a king, he was in reality, insecure. This tragic flaw leads to the death of many people and also to his own downfall. Creon feels everyone is not in favour of him and therefore takes actions so people can take him more seriously. He takes actions so people would get the point that he is not somebody to be taken advantage of. An example in the play can be seen when Creon disregards other’s advice. When he refuses to listen to Teiresas’ advice, he is too insecure to even realize that the guidance given was principled. When Creon finally came to the realization of what he had done, it was too late; his insecurity had already destroyed him. All of these characteristics of Creon had a massive impact on the outcome of the plot of the play. Creon’s ignorance, his rudeness and insecurity led him to take actions that were not always right. It leads to his own suffering and the suffering of others. When realization finally hits him, it is too late to save his family members from losing their lives. In the final scene he blames himself for all the tragedies.

Plato: Knowledge Essay

We all continue to learn new things in life day in by day out; incessantly increasing our knowledge is essential to sustain man’s life path on this earth. Knowledge can be sought in different ways but to truly seek knowledge, one has to read, understand through experience and believe what the word of God says about faith. Acquiring knowledge through our five senses and faith, both give us insight on competing ways of getting at the truth. A person who reads, write and believes in the word of God will become rich with knowledge but the latter will not. Moreover, in order to achieve knowledge, one has to be taught it or teach him or herself (because humans are not born with the ability of knowing; they must acquire it) through observation and reasoning through faith. Different views exhibit on how knowledge is achieved. One may say through common sense and observation, while another may say through teachers and peers. According to the philosopher Plato in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, â€Å"Certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blindness. The power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being. † In making this comment, this Greek philosopher argues that, everyone has the capacity to learn because knowledge is present in the soul thus we all can acquire knowledge and wisdom by recollecting and putting together what in fact the soul already knows. Plato is right that humans have the aptitude to gain knowledge, but he seems on more dubious ground when he claims that knowledge is already present in one’s soul. I find this to be unconvincing because humans seek education to learn something which they didn’t already know. For example an adolescent may ponder upon why the hairs on his arms and legs grow very short while the opposite occurs on his or her head. But through an education in biology in his or her later years, he or she will come to find out that each hair follicle on one’s body part will grow different depending on where it is located on the body part. The young adolescent never had this knowledge about hair follicles till he was taught it. So therefore, knowledge doesn’t already exist in the soul. One has to gain it in order to have it but we all have the ability to achieve it if we put in effort. In regards to observation, reasoning through faith must also be looked into to fully attain the knowledge that is essential to lead the best life and attain happiness. Observations only gives us half of the knowledge we need to acquire, faith gives us the rest. In Scully’s view from the X-Files, â€Å"As much as I have my faith, Father, I am a scientist, trained to weigh evidence. But science only teaches us how†¦ not why. † In other words, Scully is saying that, knowledge without faith leads us only half way†¦ we have to come full circle in order to completely gain absolute knowledge. I agree that this statement is true because without faith, one’s knowledge is worthless. For example, before Copernicus, most scientists believed that the earth was the center of the universe, thus the sun revolved around the earth. But through faith and reasoning, Copernicus came to conclude that it was rather the earth that revolved around the sun, making the universe we live in heliocentric; and his jurisdiction is held to be true till this day. The two concepts go hand in hand; one cannot achieve absolute knowledge without faith and reasoning/observation. In order to achieve knowledge through faith, we must walk through the ways of our spiritual leader. In The Francis Trilogy of Thomas of Celano, Thomas of Celano writes, â€Å"Ah! Inclined and strengthened by the Holy Spirit the blessed servant of the Most High, seeing that the appointed time was at hand, followed that blessed impulse of his soul. Thus, as he trampled upon worldly things, he made his way to the greatest good. † In other words, Thomas of Celano is saying that, St. Francis detached himself from matters of the world by following Christ, who fortified him with the Holy Cross and the Holy Spirit enabling him to transform his worldly ways to resemble the will of God, thus St. Francis gained his faith through the knowledge of the word of God. In order for St. Francis to have faith, he had to have knowledge of God, which he acquired through his experience; asking God for enlightenment and through the visions he had that directed his will to God’s. Reason and faith leads to wisdom and knowledge, without it, the knowledge that one acquires is corrupt and useless. Others may disagree saying that one can still have knowledge without faith, but knowledge without faith leads you nowhere because you still haven’t really gained full understanding of the subject matter.

Essay on Obesity as a Risk Factor of Breast CancerEssay Writing Service

Essay on Obesity as a Risk Factor of Breast CancerEssay Writing Service Essay on Obesity as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer Essay on Obesity as a Risk Factor of Breast CancerObesity is one of the most serious public health concerns. The statistical data provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that in all 50 states there is â€Å"20% prevalence of obesity among adults† (Dannenberg Berger, p. 62). According to research, obesity is associated with increased risks of different types of cancers, including breast (postmenopausal) cancer (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014). It has been found that the National Cancer Institute and American Cancer Society pay due attention to this problem, providing adequate research on the public profile associated with the growth of breast cancer and its risk factors, in order to find effective methods to reduce incidence rate. The high incidence of breast cancer in obese women is caused by a number of factors, including nutritional factors, psychological factors and physical activity factors. For example, high-fat and low-fibre diets contribute to the weight gain. Actually, the mechanism of breast cancer is focused on the conjunction of improper nutrition with inadequate physical activity and â€Å"excessive weight gain at the time of a major change in hormonal balance† (Stoll, 2006, p. 389). These factors contribute to insulin resistance, while the concomitants of hyper-insulinaemia synergized with estrogen, stimulate the development of breast cancer. In other words, the concomitants of hyper-insulinaemia affect the growth of disease, ensuring its promotion in obese patients and requiring surgery for early breast cancer. Thesis statement: Obesity is one of the risk factors of breast cancer that can be avoided by means of the proper nutrition combined with adequate physical activity. The major goal of this paper is to analyze obesity as a risk factor of breast cancer.Obesity can be defined as â€Å"a condition in which a person has an abnormally high and unhealthy proportion of body fat† (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014). In other to provide obesity measurement, it is necessary to use the body mass index (BMI) that can be calculated by division of an individual’s weight by his/her height squared. Obese people have BMI of 30.0 and above, overweight people – 25.0 29.9, compared to people of normal weight who have BMI of 18.5 24.9 (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014).There is a close relationship between obesity and breast cancer. Many epidemiological studies point out to the fact that obese women are at high risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer (Stoll, 2006).   It has been found that â€Å"higher body mass index is associated with a more advanced stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in terms of tumor size but data on lymph node status is not so consistent† (Carmichael Bates, 2004). In other words, practically all obese women have high blood insulin levels, causing the development of the condition known as hyper-insulinemia or the so-called insulin resistance. This condition promotes the growth of tumors (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014).In addition, fat cells have the ability to produce hormones, which are known as Adipokines that may promote stimulation or inhibition of cell growth. For example, leptin may increase cell proliferation, while Adiponectin has anti-proliferative effects (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014). Besides, fat cells may influence other tumor growth regulators, which lead to â€Å"subacute† inflammation and increased cancer risk. There are many other factors caused by obesity that lead to high cancer risk, including â€Å"altered immune responses, effects on the nuclear factor kappa beta system, and oxidative stress† (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014).There are some recommendations for obese women to decrease the risk of breast cancer. These recommendations are based on the findings taken from the new studies on the ways to decrease the risk of breast cancer and on the studies regarding the benefits of physica l exercises and low-fat and high-fibre diets practices by cancer survivors.First of all, obese women should pay due attention to their weight control. According to experts, â€Å"the most conclusive way to test whether avoiding weight gain or losing weight will decrease the risk of cancer is through a controlled clinical trial† (Obesity and Cancer Risk, 2014). It has been found that obese women should lose weight in order to reduce the risk of developing a wide range of chronic diseases, including breast cancer.Second, physical exercises can help to decrease the risk of breast cancer. Experts consider that obese women should exercise for more than 2-3 hours a week in order to use physical activity as the beneficial tool aimed at decreasing the risk of breast cancer. The best option is to have at least 30 minutes of physical exercises every day. Some of the most popular types of physical activity for obese women include walking, jumping, swimming, dancing and even cleaning a r oom/house. There are several important reasons that can give explanation to the usefulness of physical activity. Physical exercises help to reduce weight and body fat, decreasing the circulation of hormones that promote breast cancer cells growth. In addition, physical activity can â€Å"improve insulin resistance, reducing the risk of diabetes, which has been tied to the risk of a number of cancers, including breast† (Stefanek Boughton, 2010, p. 7). In general, regular physical exercises help to lose weight effectively, maintaining a healthy weight for a long time, and easing a wide range of other physical problems and conditions, such as fatigue, muscle loss, heart problems, osteoporosis, and other health problems.Third, the proper nutrition can help to decrease the risk of breast cancer in obese women. Healthy diets contribute to weight loss, providing an opportunity to become more active. It is recommended to eat a variety of healthy food, including â€Å"vegetables, fr uits, whole grains, nonfat dairy products, beans and lean meats, poultry and fish† (Stefanek Boughton, 2010, p. 8). In addition, it is recommended to control portion sizes, which should not be too large. In order to decrease the risk of breast cancer, it is necessary to eat foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber.Thus, it is necessary to conclude that obesity is really a serious public health concern that causes breast cancer in many obese or overweight women. Fat cells produce hormones which promote the growth of breast cancer cells. A number of observational studies show that there is relationship between obesity and cancer risk; therefore it is necessary to decrease the risks of breast cancer through weight loss. In addition, obese women should place emphasis on regular physical exercises and healthy nutrition.

An Overview of MHRA Referencing

An Overview of MHRA Referencing An Overview of MHRA Referencing If you’re studying in the humanities, you may be asked to use MHRA referencing at some point. But what exactly is the MHRA system? And how does it work? Let us explain. What Is MHRA Referencing? The Modern Humanities Research Association is a UK-based organization that promotes study of the humanities, particularly literature and languages. It is best known for producing the MHRA Style Guide: A Handbook for Authors, Editors, and Writers of Theses. MHRA referencing, meanwhile, is the citation system set out within this guide. You can download [PDF] the third edition of the MHRA Style Guide for free if you want a full explanation. But since it is quite a big book, we’ll summarize the important points here. Citing Sources When people refer to MHRA referencing, they usually mean the footnote and bibliography version. This is where sources are cited in footnotes, indicated with superscript numbers in the text: These numbers usually appear at the end of a sentence, like this.1 The first time you cite a source, include full publication information. For a book, for instance, this means giving the following details: n. Author Name(s), Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number(s). Repeat citations of the same source can then be shortened to save space. The MHRA style guide recommends using the â€Å"shortest intelligible form† for this, usually just the author’s surname and a pinpoint citation. Make sure to check whether your university has other rules, though. There is also an author–date version of MHRA referencing, but this is much less common. The Bibliography In MHRA referencing, you should list all cited sources in a bibliography at the end of your document. However, for a bibliography entry you should: Invert the first listed author’s surname and forename. Leave out pinpoint citations and final punctuation. You would format a book like this, for example: Surname, First Name, Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year) More generally, you should set out the bibliography as follows: List sources alphabetically by author surname. List anonymous works by title (ignoring articles for alphabetical order). If citing more than one work by the same author, sort them by title. You would then use two em dashes in place of the author’s name(s) for each entry after the first. Use italics for titles of longer works (e.g., books). Use inverted commas for shorter works (e.g., journal articles). You can abbreviate the titles of frequently cited journals. However, you must also give the full titles in a list of abbreviations earlier in your work. If you follow these rules, making sure everything is consistent, you should end up with a perfectly formatted MHRA bibliography. But if you want to be extra sure everything is in order, don’t forget to have your work checked by one of Proofed’s expert proofreaders.

Third Grade Christmas Word Problems

Third Grade Christmas Word Problems Word problems and  problem-solving  questions  help  students to put the computations into authentic practice. Select questions that require a higher level thinking. Its also helpful to use questions that have more than one strategy available to solve them. Let students think about the way they solve their questions and let them draw pictures or use manipulatives to support their own thinking and logic. Try these Christmas-themed word  problems for third graders to stay in the spirit of things in class: 1. Ivan is putting bulbs on the Christmas tree. He has already put 74 bulbs on the tree but he has 225. How many more bulbs does he have to put on the tree? 2. Amber has 36 candy canes to share among herself and 3 friends. How many candy canes will each of them get? 3. Ken’s new advent calendar has 1 chocolate for the 1st day, 2 chocolates on the 2nd day, 3 chocolates on the 3rd day, 4 chocolates on the 4th day and so on. How many chocolates will he have eaten by the 12th day? 4. It takes 90 days to save enough money to do some Christmas shopping. Estimate how many months that is. 5. Your string of Christmas lights has 12 bulbs on it, but 1/4 of the bulbs don’t work. How many bulbs do you have to buy to replace the ones that don’t work? 6. For your Christmas party, you have 5 mini pizzas to share with 4 friends. You’re cutting the pizzas in half, how much will each friend get? How can you make sure the leftovers get shared equally? Print the PDF:   Christmas Word Problems Worksheet

Worldwide Recycling Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Worldwide Recycling Comparison - Essay Example Initially, it was meant to ensure that glass bottles were returned to the major beverage seller at that time which as Coca-Cola. However, it eventually became a tradition that is used on all containers with so much success. Mannonen (2013) states that currently, Finland recycles almost 100 percent of the refillable glass containers. On average, a single glass bottle can be used up to 34 times. This is higher than any other nation in the world. Plastic bottles are also reused and recycled with the return rates standing at about ninety percent. When the plastic bottles are used in remanufacturing, they not only save raw materials but also energy since smaller quantity will be needed. Aluminum cans are endlessly being reprocessed. The cans are melted and used as raw material for new ones with five percent of energy that could have been used when making them from the original raw materials being saved. The latest inclusion to the system are the glass containers which are taken back for the raw materials. They are used in the making of new bottles, industrial frost and in the manufacture of lightweight concrete. Many foreigners who visit the nation are at times surprised when the see the locals luggage empty bottles and containers to shops. To the locals however, this is part of their day to day lives. When they buy drinks packaged in bottles, the price which they pay includes about ten to forty cent deposit. This deposit is given back to the buyer when they return the empty container to the shop. The payment is done through the reverse vending machine. The success of this system can be seen in the high rates of returns. These return rates have rarely been reached in other counties especially when all three packaging media are involved. The systems is monitored by Palpa whose sole goal is to ensure that the nation conserves its environment by keeping the containers used to package

DQ-4-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DQ-4-Terence - Essay Example The new information threatens the regulatory requirements as they provide conflicting information. Concerns though have risen to whether the different uses of internet guidelines are beneficial to the organization and whether the new patterns should align or contradicts the general communication patterns from the body. Investigations into this inquiry are therefore the paramount objective of the paper, articulated through discussions and evidence from the scholarly articles by different researchers. Organizational structure determines the operational policy and the work process of any company that the business employs. Actions as the managerial reporting, movement of knowledge, decision-making process and dissemination of information are the essential components ensured by the organizational structures (Im, Hong & Kang, 2011). The structures whether they move within the organization and between the groups levels has no inherent of being better than the other. Rather, the structures have their sole benefit to the organization that suits them well in a particular situation (Wixom & Watson, 2012). Information flow in the major organizations has been structured on a departmental level and organizational level. The corporate level can be referred to as the flow of ideas within the organization that is inherent from the other organizations branches. The department heads use their own internet rather than sharing a broader network in the whole group. The organizational level uses a different internet in communication to other regions. Many individual will argue that it’s due to the independent nature employed by the organization to ensure each unit performs to its best. Whether the idea of separating internet usage within and between the groups’ levels remains a question for debate? Operating with the same policies and work procedures means the organization has similar goals and objectives to accomplish and why separate their internet

Discuss Three Points of Convergence Between Emerson and Spinoza Essay

Discuss Three Points of Convergence Between Emerson and Spinoza - Essay Example Though each and every single concept of their demands a series of comments, yet for the purposes of this document, three spheres of congruency in thought shall be discussed. It shall be obvious in due course, that how the essence of concept remains congruent, despite a shift in the vocabulary. Both these concepts depict unanimity in frame of thought. These ideas coincide over the fact that the mind can never really perish in its existence, because what entails the being of the mind is pure and inaccessible to us. Spinoza clearly believes that the existence of the mind which is nothing to be questioned, and in many ways, it is actually the defining part that distinguished one human from the other. No matter what we do, the roots embedded in the crux of the mind of a person always stay in tact. Giving so much importance to the mind also signifies the linkage being established with the concept of existence of man. On the same lines, Emerson believes that the integrity of the mind is imperishable. In the perspective, the meaning can be inferred as the same. The mind alone can have no integrity - it has to be associated with man himself. Therefore, again extrapolating the fact that the mind is sure to dominate the proceedings of life, despite what course of actions are undertaken. The Mind as an entity can never destroy, as it is the true emblem of existence for man - his distinguishing factor. Uniformity of Existence Regarding this issue, the following was implicated: "No one wishes to preserve his being for the sake of anything else" (Spinoza, 1677). "With consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do" (Emerson, 1841). The concept of uniformity of behavior and thought has always triggered the minds of thinkers. However, it is interesting that both of these present a similar stance on the said subject. Spinoza is of the opinion that it is not naturally desirable for anybody to maintain an existing thread of ideas and/or actions. Preservation of one's being, therefore, in lieu of something else is not an instinctual yearning that man can go ahead with. Further, it is rationalistically not practical as well that the same should be accomplished. Similarly, Emerson puts forward the notion that consistency can not be correlated with a being. The factor of change is not only necessary, but it is imperative. With the dynamics that the human beings portray, consistency is not only incompatible, but impossible. The journey of every soul's towards its destiny is considered to be embedded within the concept of not staying preserved; in not maintaining the status quo. Only in regular amendments, adjustments and constant evolution is the key to the supremacy and existence of human beings. Significance of Nature The respective viewpoints in this domain are: "It is impossible, that man should not be a part of Nature" (Spinoza, 1677). "I suppose no man can violate his nature" (Emerson, 1841). On the significant role played by nature in the behavior of man,

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

English - Essay Example The new iPad is truly worth its price because it serves the owner in a lot of ways and with high quality of standards. There are many gadgets and equipments which have made life easier and entertaining for us and iPad is one of them. In day to day life we have some moments which are boring and time consuming like waiting for something or traveling and it becomes difficult to pass time. Now an iPad can be used to pass time conveniently by reading a favorite book on it or by playing a game or watching a movie on it. Time is very precious for everybody in this fast world and iPad provides an opportunity to utilize the time properly. Hence an iPad justifies its price by serving us in many useful ways. Among many devices which have made our life easier, comfortable and entertaining, iPad is one which helps us to utilize our time conveniently which is normally wasted or boring. The time we spent on waiting or traveling can be made entertaining by using an iPad. We can use an iPad for playing games or watching movies or reading a book of choice while we are riding a bus or a train or an airplane or waiting for somebody or something. Nobody, whether young or old, wishes to waste time uselessly and iPad has given us the best option to utilize the time which was normally wasted. An iPad is worth investing in because it serves its purpose in many ways by entertaining people. A few years back, it was very boring and difficult to pass time while waiting or traveling. We didn’t have any option to do anything except for reading newspapers or magazines which were seldom available. Now we have many devices that can be used to pass time conveniently by entertaining ourselves. iPad has made it possible and the time can be passed by reading a book or watching a movie or playing a game on an iPad. Now passing the time in waiting or traveling is no longer a problem and an iPad is well worth its price. The

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Paraphrase - Essay Example This was basically used in the experiment as the components are easy to control and manipulate due to the less number of parameters. Also the various parameters that will be controlled are as follows. Firstly, the damping time constant where there is an amplitude drop of half of the height. Secondly, the period length and finally the signal level attenuation. It is essential to also note that the single level attenuation is dependent on the total number of uses of the periods. The main reason for the use of ‘dampened sinusoids’ rather than the sinusoids that have been used in previous research is the following. The dampened sinusoids have been noted to be similar to the single pulse resonance sounds. This has been used in the past for communication by a number of animals and thus it plays a very important role in this research. Since the sound of the single dampened sinusoid is similar to that of one cycle of a vowel, thus the close resemblance to the natural sounds has been used in the research. The benefits of it are numerous and it has been noted that the control is also relatively easier. It will also be interesting to note that this is the only study which used stimuli with a wavelength shorter than one period and also with an increased length in the scale of the logarithm, with almost sixteen periods of the

Referencing Skills and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Referencing Skills and Ethics - Essay Example Sloman(2010) has pointed out that "Oligopoly occurs when just a few firms between them share a large proportion of industry"(Sloman, 2010, p.135). It is evident from the above definitions that in oligopoly market conditions, the firms are interdependent and hence the decisions taken by one firm about the price and output of their product may affect other firms in the oligopoly setup. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is one best example for oligopoly. On the other hand, monopoly is a market condition in which a person or an enterprise has sufficient control over a particular market, service or product. For example Microsoft has immense control over the operating system market all over the world and they control around 90% of the OS market worldwide. In other words they have monopolized the OS market and they can determine the price of their product without considering the factors like competition. This paper briefly compares oligopoly with monopoly Firstly, an oligopoly maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal costs (Ison and Wall, 2007, p.150). Moreover, Riley (2006) has mentioned that barriers to entry are high in oligopoly market and â€Å"the dominant firms in the long run would maintain supernormal profits† (Riley, 2006). It is possible for small firms to operate in the proximity of the oligopolistic market, but none of them would be able to make any impacts on the market price and output. On the other hand, in a monopolistic market, it is impossible for small firms to operate because of the total supremacy of the monopolistic firm in the market. Consider the case of Microsoft. No other firms, big or small, so far able to compete with Microsoft because of the absolute monopoly enjoying by Microsoft. Negbennebor & Willis (2001) has pointed out that â€Å"there are many barriers to entry in oligopoly market such as economies of scale, patents, access to

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Paraphrase - Essay Example This was basically used in the experiment as the components are easy to control and manipulate due to the less number of parameters. Also the various parameters that will be controlled are as follows. Firstly, the damping time constant where there is an amplitude drop of half of the height. Secondly, the period length and finally the signal level attenuation. It is essential to also note that the single level attenuation is dependent on the total number of uses of the periods. The main reason for the use of ‘dampened sinusoids’ rather than the sinusoids that have been used in previous research is the following. The dampened sinusoids have been noted to be similar to the single pulse resonance sounds. This has been used in the past for communication by a number of animals and thus it plays a very important role in this research. Since the sound of the single dampened sinusoid is similar to that of one cycle of a vowel, thus the close resemblance to the natural sounds has been used in the research. The benefits of it are numerous and it has been noted that the control is also relatively easier. It will also be interesting to note that this is the only study which used stimuli with a wavelength shorter than one period and also with an increased length in the scale of the logarithm, with almost sixteen periods of the

Impact of globalization on the cultural environment of business China Essay

Impact of globalization on the cultural environment of business China - Essay Example China’s economy has shifted from being developing to being the fourth largest economy in the world. This is attributed to the high capital flows across its borders and hence, globalization. Globalization has had substantive impact on the business environment in Chinese organizations. The following paper critically investigates and analyses globalization’s impact on the cultural business environment in Chinese organizations. Globalization is viewed differently by economists and business leaders. According to Lui, Anti-globalists views capitalize on the cons of this phenomenon which include employment insecurity associated by production shifts. Another major minus of globalization is pay cuts due to increased competition associated to opening up local markets to global competition. Lastly, global companies are associated with social injustices in their business practices and unfair working conditions such as slavery and mismanagement of the environment. Pro-globalists maintain a strong view that globalization lead to higher standards of living. They argue that competitive markets lead to more efficiency in resource utilization, elimination of monopoly markets and how it promotes democracy all over the world. To understand what net impact globalization has, it is vital to appreciate that globalization refers to a process based on the formation of a single market of goods, services and factors of productions, including capital, labor, technology and natural resources, covering all the economic regions of all countries. The two main aspects which led to the sudden transformation were sophistication in information technology field and innovation of internet. In this process, national and international markets are combined in to a single complex whole. In the world economy, globalization lead to an increased dependency on different

Entrepreneurial Organization Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurial Organization Essay In Business today the Entrepreneurial Organizations continue to grow, thrive and help change the way companies and people do business. These Entrepreneurial changes that happen internal to large organizations or at small start-up companies all have some of the same traits in common with each other and use some of the same tactics to create business opportunities. Some of the traits they share to promote their business are: Individual action and initiative, Innovation, Differentiation and Risk Taking. Individual action and initiatives taken by the employees within the organization are to create new product offerings or enhance existing products. These actions do not always succeed in creating revenue for the business, but might help start another product line that will create revenue in the future, but the failures of these products is not seen as a negative within the organization but are treated as growth and are seen as positive steps. Innovation is a primary and necessary building block for the entrepreneurial organization. There are 2 types of innovation that should be looked at, used, changed and viewed when using innovation and these are Product and Process. These types of innovation will create change in either a product or process but both are essential to using innovation within the organization and will be used to create new ideas, process and test new theories. Differentiation is another advantage that has to be used, displayed and shown for an entrepreneurial organization. This shows the advantage to customers and investors what unique good, service, talent and innovation that the organization has that makes the customers willing to pay a premium for their services. Risk taking from a large or small organization requires some sort of investment on the part of the company, either in personal resources or financial resources. The level of risk that the organization is willing to support shows the employees that the organization is willing and able to make changes if the risks are worth the reward. But risks must be taken in these types of organizations to create and discover new opportunities. In conclusion, these are four reasons why entrepreneurial organizations seek to use innovation to create new opportunities and are  some of the building blocks for many large and successful companies. With the landscape of business always changing, if companies are not willing to use innovation to try and create new opportunities they might not be successful in the future.

Soliloquy Essay - Two Soliloquies, One from Lady Macbeth and One from Macbeth :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Analysis of Two Soliloquies - One from Lady Macbeth and another from Macbeth  Ã‚   On the level of human evil, Shakespeare's tragedy, Macbeth is about the character Macbeth's bloody rise to power, including the murder of the Scottish king, Duncan, and the guilt-ridden pathology of evil deeds generating still more evil deeds. Perhaps, the play's most memorable character is Lady Macbeth. Like her husband, Lady Macbeth's ambition for power leads her into an unnatural, phantasmagoric realm of witchcraft, insomnia and madness. But while Macbeth responds to the prophecies of the play's famous trio of witches, Lady Macbeth goes even further by figuratively transforming herself into an unnatural, desexualized evil spirit. Throughout the novel, there are moments when important characters are given the opportunity to express details of their character and reveal information that is otherwise not given, but vital to the development of the story. A soliloquy is a classical literary technique to allow a character to share his or her thoughts and feelings with the audience. I will now examine and attempt to interpret two of these soliloquies, one from Lady Macbeth and the second from Macbeth himself. As the scene opens, Lady Macbeth is reading a letter from her husband. The letter tells of the witches' prophecy for him, which is treated as a certainty, because "I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge". "The perfectest report" means "the most reliable information," so it appears that Macbeth has been asking people what they know about the reliability of witches. If that's the case, he has ignored the advice of Banquo, who is quite sure that witches can't be trusted. But Macbeth seems to trust the witches absolutely, because he is writing to his wife, his "dearest partner of greatness," so that she "mightst not lose the dues of rejoicing". That is, he believes that she has a right to rejoice because she will be a queen. However, Lady Macbeth doesn't rejoice. She is determined that he will be king, but she suspects that he doesn't have the right stuff to do what needs to be done. Speaking to him as though he were really there, she says: "Yet do I fear thy nature; / It is too full o' the milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way". Her reaction to the letter shows that Lady Macbeth is a woman who knows her husband very well, perhaps because she shares some of his instincts.

Lord of the Flies :: Lord of the Flies Essays

Lord Of The Flies Book Analysis Title: Lord of the Flies Author: William Golding Date of original publication: 1954 Setting:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting of Lord of the Flies is somewhat vague. The island is unnamed, and besides stating that it is during wartime, there is no specific date given. The island is uninhabited, and characterized by a beach, jungles, orchards, and a rocky mountain. The jungle that surrounds the characters represents death. It is dark and entangled in vines, which remind the small boys of snakes, and instill fear. This setting is also significant because it is isolated from civilized society. As the plot progresses, the lack of civility causes the society, built by the children, to deteriorate. Characters: Ralph:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At about twelve years old, Ralph is among the oldest of the boys on the island. He is described as a â€Å"fair-haired† boy with mild facial features. He is the first character introduced and plays the role of the protagonist. He is somewhat charismatic, but is admittedly frightened by the situation. Ralph begins as an innocent boy but ends up very mature from dealing with conflicts and adult decisions throughout his leadership. He believes that survival can only be achieved by the presence of peace and order. He tries, somewhat unsuccessfully, to build a stable, civilized society. Ralph is a perfect character however. He struggles as a leader, and has to rely on Piggy, a boy who he respects for his maturity and knowledge, for advice. As the chief, Ralph notices that many of the boys are not following the rules, but he does not subject anyone to punishment. This leads to anarchy, and the creation of Jack’s tribe. Eventually, many of the boys abandon Ralph, and although against his initial values, he tries to join Jack to escape the loneliness he has experienced. Toward the end of the novel, Ralph is hunted by Jack and his followers, but is able to the beach where he finds a naval officer to rescue him. This is the first time that Ralph is relieved from his internal and external conflicts. Piggy:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piggy, who is about the same age as Ralph, never reveals his actual name throughout the novel. He is overweight, asthmatic, and wears glasses. These physical weaknesses cause him to be whiny and less useful in work. He is described as a bad looking character, who is disrespected and considered an outsider by the rest of the boys.

Being Labeled Autistic

Being â€Å"Labeled† Autistic. First it is important to understand the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this article you will identify the needs and interest of children with High Functioning Autism and Low Functioning Autism, the social and communication skills, behavioral abnormalities, learning disabilities, and functioning as an adult with Autism. I. Detecting Autism in a child. A. The signs, diagnosis and treatment. 1. Screening evaluations: All children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate deficits in, social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communications and repetitive behaviors or interest.Also have poor eye contact, doesn’t smile, excessively lines up toys or other objects. Does not respond to name, or does not speak one word by the age of 16 months. The first signs of ASD can also appear in children who have seemed to be developing normally. 2. Interventions and treatments: It is important to remember that every person impacted by Autism is diff erent and may benefit from different treatments or interventions. These are a variety of interventions.Applied behavior analysis is effective when used to teach complex communication, social, play and self help skills. Discrete trial training is when a teacher presents an instruction and provides consequences for a correct or incorrect response. Speech Therapy provides professional help and guidance in communication skills. Gluten-free, Casein-free diets, are effective diets to improve communication, social interactions, and sleep patterns while reducing digestive problems and autistic behaviors. B. Autism Spectrum Disorders, interest and behaviors. . Social and communication skills: Autistic individuals usually display a very limited of interest and activities, repetitive behavior (example: repeating the same sentence over and over), obsessively following routines, or having methodical and specific ways of arranging things. For instance, a child may have little trouble learning to read, but exhibit poor social interaction. Often times between 12 and 36 months old, the differences in the way they react to people and other unusual behaviors become apparent.Each child will display communication, and social skills that are individual but fit into the overall diagnosis of ASD. 2. Behavioral and learning disabilities: Autism affects the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize. They have difficulty interpreting what others are thinking or feeling because they can’t understand social cues, such as tone of voice or facial expressions, and don’t watch other people’s faces for clues about appropriate behavior, they lack empathy.Children whose language skills regress early in life, before the age of 3, appear to have a higher than normal risk of developing epilepsy or seizure like brain activity. II. The difference between High Functioning Autism and Low Functioning Autism. A. The life of a High Functioning Autistic Child. 1. The functions of a High Functioning Child: High functioning means having an IQ of higher than 80. These individuals do not exhibit certain behaviors, such as self injury or aggression. They often have more normal functions and behaviors, such as speaking and carrying out day to day activities with no problems.Often they may have difficulty initiating love and friendship relationships, often being rejected because potential partners perceive them as being too nerdy or too intelligent. This can lead to low self esteem or loneliness. They do not lack empathy, although they may have trouble expressing it. In a well resourced educational institution they often do well academically if they can be simulated by good teachers. They are usually intelligent, gifted, honest and hard workers. Some are thought to become scientists and engineers. 2.The challenges of a High Functioning Autistic Child: Coping with this condition is a daily challenge, especially in the lacking of skills in interacting with others. These individuals have such social delays and difficulties that interaction with a normal social setting can be severely hampered. Some may have minor to moderate difficulty with motor skills and coordination. Also they may nurture a complex habitual movement at which they become adept, for example, rocking back and forth or bumping. B. The life of a Low Functioning Autistic Child. 1.The Functions of a Low Functioning Autistic Child: Low Functioning means having an IQ below 70. Also meaning severely autistic. These children do not speak, often do not understand receptive language, do not care nor do they wish to engage in conversation unless it is absolutely necessary and it is extremely limited due to the lack of speech, do not respond well to behavioral therapy, and do not show a great deal of improvement. Retardation is common, epilepsy is common, and other disorders may be present as well. They do not express emotions well, except anger.These emotions ar e unknown due to their inability to communicate. They can be violent and for no reason at all, attack someone and then be fine and passive again a few minutes later. 2. The challenges of a Low Functioning Autistic Child: Limited grammar and an impulsive sensitivity to stimulus are often thought to be typical of low functioning autism, as is a strong visual processing preference. These children with mental challenges are more likely to exhibit behavior and emotional problems. Academically, they lag behind in achievement for their age expectations.Typically they lag behind their piers three to four years. Children with severe Autism can acquire basic communication skills, both oral and written. III. Functioning as an Adult with Autism. A. Working and living as an Autistic adult. 1. Independent living vs. supervised living: Independent living involves persons living with Autism in their own apartment or house with little, if any support services. Support services may be limited to such areas as complex problem-solving, money management, or budgeting. In supervised group living, group homes are facilities that serve several individuals with disabilities.Adult foster care, individuals live in a home with a family, and is intended to be as permanent as possible. 2. Preparing the Autistic adult for employment: Many Autistic adults are capable of employment, especially those with high functioning autism, in sheltered workshops, under the supervision of working with persons with disabilities. Some of the teachings start from academics to more functional life skills and prevocational skills. Therefore, their educational goals need to focus on preparing them for employment and adult life. B.Relationships, marriage, and living life to the fullest. 1. Having social relationships: There are a significant number of Autistics who have done very well in relationships. Once an autistic crosses the threshold of dating, they will improve their knowledge and ability in handling re lationships. Adults on the Autism spectrum should watch as much adult television as they can enjoy. Cinematic depiction of emotions is particularly good as an educational tool.Some Autistics are gullible, but they also have the advantage of being able to look at things logically. 2. Happily married and raising a family: Many Autistics are happily married and parents. With knowledge of Autisim comes a much greater tendency to engage people who enjoy the company of someone with Autistic characteristics. There are a large number of anecdotal reports of good relationships involving Autistics.In concluding that Autism is not a disease, it is a way of life! Autism doesn’t need to be cured, it needs to be accepted and Autistics allowed to be themselves without fear. Most are average at a variety of things, just like the rest of society. They may work to develop their talents and become impressive teachers or mathematicians, but the majority aren’t prodigies. They are just peo ple who are good at some things and not others. Above all, treat Autistics as you would anyone else and allow for the differences that are sure to make themselves known.

Operations Review on Supply Chain Management, Logistics, and Inventory

Operations Review on Waste Reduction, Cost Reduction and Process This memo will discuss the efficient ways that Supply Chain Management, Inventory, and Logistics have been successfully implemented in the Intermountain Healthcare Supply Chain Center. Peggy Lee, Card Program Manager at IHC led the tour in the Supply Chain Center. The goal of IHC distribution center is reduce waste, cost and centralized the high volume supplies in one location and distribute across all their facilities. This gives Intermountain better control of their inventories and negotiation advantages.Using these methods has had a great impact in waste reduction, quality and cost savings. Supply Chain infrastructure is an important process at Intermountain Healthcare (IHC). They have learned that building strong relationships with their suppliers is critical and can help eliminate costs as well as allow them to share their savings. How IHC has achieved this, is by supplier involvement. IHC provides a mockup room sp ecifically designed for their suppliers to show off new products and equipment allowing doctors and clinicians to test the equipment at a no cost to the supplier.Suppliers then receive immediate feedback on their products and the hospital can test products before purchase. This is a valuable approach for IHC to see results, make improvements, and negotiate effective distribution for both the supplier and the hospitals. This is gain for both parties, and in particular to Intermountain since supplies are one of the highest expenses they incur. The distribution facility was built with the purpose to manage inventories more efficiently.This facility only holds 6,000 items out of 81,000 products that can be ordered. Only those items that are housed in this facility are the high volume items, with a fill rate of 98% and accuracy of 99%. IHC has a great control on their inventories by assuring that cost of obsolescence, deterioration, and loss are managed properly. The warehouse is equippe d with big fans that move the air around the facility reducing temperature fluctuations allows less than a 4Â ° deference from top to bottom in the warehouse.This prolongs the longevity of the products they house by reducing deterioration. Also, all the shelves are set up on a slope allowing older inventory to shift to the front. This is also known as the FIFO method, which ensures the older products are not aging on the shelves. Another method they use is barcoding. Barcoding is not a new invention, but IHC has taken advantage of this technology in the way they fill their internal orders by implementing some of their own inventory system, VoicePic.VoicePic is a voice activated inventory process where barcodes are placed on the container that will carry the order from one place to another around their facility. As the container moves along the conveyor belt, the person with that order hears the amount of items to be picked up in the current position and repeats the number via his v oice. Another quality check used for their inventory system is that once the level is placed in the container the system knows the weight that is to be at the end of the order. This provides a quality control measure.If the weight is correct then process continues. If the weight is off, the order gets rejected. This lets the operator know that there is an item that does not belong. By combining these two systems in their inventory, IHC has increased their accuracy in their orders by 60%. Logistics is another important part of IHC’s business processes they are trying to refine. The facility was strategically placed in a centralized location to allow moving supplies to all of their facilities since 80% are within a 50-mile radius.They also use their own fleet to distribute their merchandise among the hospitals and clinics, with the exception of the southern part of the state of Utah. The reason for this is they rather use a vendor for this location since the vendor is able to r eturn with a full trailer. This would not be the case for IHC. Another important point in the way their logistics is setup is how they receive and pick up shipments. These activities have a time set when they can be performed.They have divided morning to receive delivery from 4am to 12pm; all deliveries are done on a schedule, as well as pickups, pick up activities begin at 12pm. This is to increase efficiency of the location and the use of resources, thus reducing the chance of error and process flows. In addition, order placement is another key process. All IHC facilities must have their entire orders placed by 11:00 am every day to ensure order fulfillment. One other advantage at the supply chain facility is that it is built to allow shipments to be cross-docking.So, instead of products being housed they are immediately moved to another truck to deliver to the final destination. Logistics processes in this facility are designed to make resources more efficient and allow them to e liminate costs. IHC has increased their success by implementing new strategies on supply chain management, logistics and inventory. They have been able to cut costs and increase efficiencies in inventory on internal orders. Along with inventory, IHC has an added savings by testing for effectiveness of new products when negotiating with suppliers in the mock up room.By having this kind of interaction with supplies, ensures that the products will meet their needs and will contribute to their efficiency. They have also modified their logistics by reducing the number of trips needed to facilities by consolidating all the orders, to transport all necessary supplies in one trip. These are some of the many operational activities implemented in this facility. IHC has identified areas for improvement and made the necessary changes. With all the new improvements within their supply chain center, the facility will pay itself off in 8 years.

A Thousand Splendid Suns Journey

Preliminary Advanced English 2012 A Thousand Splendid Suns Khaled Hosseini God,  grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference. A Thousand Splendid Sons by Khaled Hosseini portrays the courage within people to overcome change and accept the differences that life itself ultimately shows. Hosseini has written a strong climatic novel from the beginning of an accomplished civilized nation through to a war-torn country separated into pieces with no bounds of destruction.This intriguing story is set on the outskirts of the city Herat situated in Afghanistan where a young girl Mariam is born. The story is later moved on to the capital city, Kabul where another young girl Laila is given birth to. Hosseini depicts an image of women’s suffrage that is truly heart filled and effectively shows the inner strength, courage and bravery women had in order to survive and live to fulfill their many hop es and dreams. The author does this through the effective use of characterization, narrative style, the themes and issues portrayed within the text, relationships and emotions.Khaled Hosseini has used strong characterization and use of the technique narrative style in order to depict Mariam and Laila who are the two main characters in Hosseini’s inspiring yet heartbreaking story a thousand Splendid Suns. Hosseini has written this story through the technique of third person in order to effectively show the true feelings of the characters Mariam and Laila. The strong use of third person as the narrative style is a very important part of this text as it clearly emphasizes the emotions and feelings that Mariam and Laila experience whilst they face the many hardships placed upon them. She lived in fear of his shifting moods, his volatile temperament, his insistence on steering even mundane exchanges down a confrontational path that, on occasion, he would resolve with punches, slap s, kicks, and sometimes try to make amends for with polluted apologies, and sometimes not. †Mariam’s thoughts are so clearly depicted in the above lines that it gives the reader a full insight on how she fears each and every day as to how and what her husband’s mood will be when he arrives home and according to that how she will be treated. This illustrates the unjust behaviour she faces in her married life.The narrative style also is an excellent feature that engages the reader as it is a truly inspiring experience to be able to understand and comprehend what a woman is going through and how many things endlessly roam a mind when overcoming issues in life that we would never even think of let alone need to face in our lifetimes. A Thousand Splendid Suns also incorporates many themes and issues in Afghan society that effect women up until the present day. Hosseini shows the harsh reality of many women whose lives are filled with injustice and cruelty. He illustra tes the cultural distinction between marriage and true love.The marriages in the novel are forced arranged marriages that have no likelihood to love. Mariam’s mother, tells her child that marriage cannot hold love, that men are cold heartless creatures, yet later after Nana’s unexpected death Mariam’s first instinct when she was being forcefully married to an elderly man Rasheed, thirty years her senior was of despise but later she thought with an open mind and knew she wouldn’t want to be a burden on anyone as a young unmarried women. Mariam therefore had hope that her marriage would lead to contentment and possible love, but unfortunately the marriage delves into abuse and oppression.At this time she remembers her mother’s words â€Å"A man’s heart is a wreched, wreched thing. It is not like a mother’s womb, it will not bleed for you, it will not stretch to make room for you† these words fill her mind with truth as she looks upon her one sided, disastrous marriage filled with hate and inequity. Another aspect that is shown quite clearly in Hosseini’s text is that of multiple marriages. In this novel Mariam’s husband finds young Laila buried under rubble after a torpedo strikes her street and instantly kills her family. He takes her home and says to his wife to care for her.Once she is recovered he gives her an ultimatum that in order for him to take care of her and live with them she must marry him as she has no other way to live in such a war torn city. She agrees and later in time joins the oppression, abuse and injustice placed on Mariam. Hosseini illustrates the true colors of what these women go through and how life itself becomes a nightmare for them. There are many relationships displayed in Hosseini’s novel, relationships of hate, love, youth, friendships, siblings, marriages and family, but there is one very unique bond formed in this text.Hosseini at first portrays the obv ious jealousy Mariam has towards the young girl Laila, as she must share her husband with such competition. Rasheed, husband to two, purposely points all of Mariam’s flaws out to his new wife. He tells her all of Mariam’s deep secrets, and most importantly that she is a harami (illegitimate child) and that she is of no respect in society. Hosseini illustrates the hurt and pain Mariam endures when she realizes all those years of slaving endlessly to please her husband were of no use as he disrespects her in such a demeaning manner.Although Mariam tries her hardest to despise Laila, she realizes that Laila endures the same pain, oppression and hardships she does. Therefore Laila and Mariam begin to bond, share the work load of cleaning and cooking, have an occasional tea together which thus makes them realize that with such a bond anything is possible. Hosseini therefore suggests that women have an extremely strong ability to find strength and support within one another in order to help them overcome the impossible.This bond becomes more than just friendship; to them it seems like an inseparable tie of hope that god created for them through such hardships in life. This relationship effectively gives a positive view on the upcoming events in the novel and illustrates Hosseini’s positive depiction of support in relationships. This novel also shows the emotions used in order to create hope and the reality of which destiny unfolds. The people in this novel strive to believe in hope when going through the harsh realities forced upon them by political and personal oppression.Both Laila and Mariam depend upon somebody in their lives to overcome their problems and give them hope. For Mariam she looks upon the wise and elderly- Mullah Faizullah who taught her every aspect of knowledge of her religion. He never looked down upon her as a harami (illegitimate child) but as a child who was not even in a single way at fault and said to her â€Å"Behind e very trial and sorrow that He makes us shoulder, God has a reason. †Ã‚  These simple words gave Mariam the courage to believe and follow her faith as she knew no matter what life threw at her she’d always have her faith.Laila also has her childhood best friend Tariq as her savior, who treats her as his equal. Laila feels that no oppression is laid upon her when she is with Tariq and that he only urges her to follow her hopes and dreams through the roughest of times. When these rough times finally arrive Hosseini shows a cycle where dreams that once were fulfilled are crushed and where hope and success in the near future, which were once visible- began to crumble instantly. In this point of the novel â€Å"Laila has moved on. Because in the end she knows that’s all she can do. That and hope.   This creates suspense and emotional attachment with the characters as those hopes and dreams are flattened in moments just like the Afghan women’s suffrage portray ed through Mariam and Laila’s life, time and time again. As they both raise their hopes and see happiness through all the grim darkness in the war filled Afghanistan, they are only lead to disappointment. Hosseini truly illustrates the moments of hope and faith in these women’s lives but also gives the reader a thorough depiction on destiny, and how anything can change no matter what hopes and dreams you have.Khaled Hosseini has written a truly heartbreaking yet inspirational novel that any women would be empathetic towards. A thousand Splendid Suns is a story filled with multiple issues that will be present in society forever, it illustrates oppressions placed on women, hardships war-torn countries such as Afghanistan face and the relationships that are torn apart and can never be fixed and are therefore forever estranged. Hosseini truly inspires people to never lose hope even through the worst of times and to hold on to your faith, be true to yourself, think with an open mind and take one step at a time.

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture - Essay Example However, it is often debated as to whether the religion is a part of the culture or culture is part of the religion. The historical roots of every religion suggest a very strong correlation between the culture and religion as most of the religious rituals are finally being shaped by the culture of the society within which the religion evolve. It is therefore because of this fact that Historian Dawson claim that "The heart of Western civilization says Historian Dawson, is its Christian culture. By this he means not the Christian religion but its impact on the social life and institutions of the West. Today that Western heart is not beating at the center of things, where it belongs, but is fluttering on the fringes, and Western civilization is sick with a bad case of secularism." (www.time.com). Thus there is very strong historical evidence as to how the religious values and culture has shaped the overall form of Christianity which is prevalent today. As defined above that culture is a set of patterns of an individual's life which portray the human activity and present a symbolic representation of that person's or group of persons' lives. In its essence, culture is a collection of values commonly practiced by a large number of people sharing a common heritage. The first definition of the word culture came in 1871 when in his book "Primitive Culture" he defined culture as "complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society" (Tylor). Culture is considered therefore as a powerful human tool necessary for the survival of the human beings but it is also considered as fragile too as cultural bondages define not only common heritage but common sentiments and emotions too. It is often believed that there are various layers of the culture also commonly known as subcultures. First layer is called the cultural traditions which effectively distinguish and specify a society from others whereas second layer of culture is called subculture which is often considered as the very own identity of the individual. The third layer of culture is called cultural universals and is considered as shared behaviors which are being used by all the humanity across all the geographical regions of the world. Cultural Difference As discussed above that culture have three different layers. This very fact clearly suggests that culture is itself diverse in nature. This diversity creates cultural differences between the various societies and within cultures even. These cultural differences can sometimes be the source of great embarrassment for people who are relatively alien to that culture or even present a great opportunity to create an environment where society can be shared by various cultures belonging to different regions etc. Since "Culture is vital because it enables its members to function one with another without the need to negotiate meaning at every moment. Culture is learned and forgotten, so despite its importance we are generally unconscious of its influence on the manner in which we perceive the world and interact within it. Culture is significant because as we work with others it both enables us and impedes us in our ability to understand and work effectively together." (Learning). Thus

Final Examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Final Examination - Essay Example â€Å"Nostra Aetate† enforces my belief in the Christian faith that seeks to accommodate other faiths and religions. It is living up to the spirit of the Gospels in John 17:21 â€Å"That they all may be one†. I cannot be more proud of my faith seeing that it extends a hand to others in order to seek understanding and by extension peace. This verse exalts us as Christians to fight for peace so that others can truly identify us with a father who is the source of all goodness. The question of divine revelation is present in all religions. From the Christian faith, Islam, Hinduism to all other shares this common characteristic. It sets them apart from other religions that do not claim divine revelation in their founding. This is the point of departure for interreligious dialogue knowing too well that their origin and base are inspired by a supreme being and not ordinary human beings out to advance their own ideologies and interests. Man is considered a mortal being in all these major religions (Valea Paragraph 3). He is portrayed as being powerful but limited in a sense and that is why he raises the state of the mortal person after the death. Though they differ in terms of the state of the afterlife it is evident that this is a common trait in all and it’s given a lot of weight. On the hand other hand, the Supreme Being is viewed as in immortal being and as a source of everything in existence. There is the essence of eternity in the Supreme Beings which make them be seen as being very powerful. The idea of the divine reality is very alive among believers of all major religions. There is the cultivation of a close relationship of human beings and the Supreme Being. Human beings engage at different levels in relating with the Supreme Being. The acknowledgement that there is a greater power than them has a sense of relief to them in that they are able to cast their doubts and worries. Valea in his article à ¢â‚¬Å"The

CLA W1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CLA W1 - Assignment Example Cartoons such as Hercules and Aladdin use creative ideas from Greek stories to create episodes of their programs. Children literature such as comics and novels are another area that has been influenced by this culture. Many creative pieces of children literature contain ideas and notions borrowed from ancient Greek mythology. The Ancient Greek mythology also influenced many national governments in the area of finance and economy. Many of the local governments have incorporated the use of Greek mythological artwork and design in the creation of their national currencies. A close look at many notes and coins used as local currency prove of this. The design and shape of the money will indicate that many ideas borrowed from the ancient Greek artwork. Ancient Greek mythology has greatly influenced modern architecture and design. Many famous national buildings and facilities have borrowed artistic themes from the ancient Greeks. They have skillfully adapted the design and creativity that they have gathered from studying ancient mythological architectural drawings and managed to incorporate them into modern ideas (Tessowen, 2012). The entertainment industry has also greatly benefited from classic mythology. Many movies have themes based on classic mythology, with the entertainment industry adopting their versions of movies such as "The Legend of Hercules", "Spartacus†, â€Å"Troy" and others. These films have gone on to be mostly familiar and rake in massive amounts of revenue. The music industry has also adapted themes from classical mythology. Musicians sing songs relating to ancient Greek mythology, and many bands have names and themes related to the ancient Greek culture. Ancient Greek mythology inspires marketing in man y ways. Many corporations consistently use these ideologies in marketing and branding their products. It is common to see advertisements with people dressed in ancient

History of Management in Criminal Justice Agencies Essay

History of Management in Criminal Justice Agencies - Essay Example e way the United States criminal justice system has been managed over the past few decades, with former English customs and laws playing a significant role in influencing the contemporary system (Randolph, 2005). The criminal justice system includes parole and probation officers, correction officers, court officers, investigators and line officers. In the early days of the English law enforcement instituted by Alfred the Great, police forces were formed by loyal families who patrolled their regions. They appointed their own leaders, known as reeves, to oversee and coordinate the wider alliances (Friedman, 1993). The reeves later came to be known as sheriffs. To ensure the loyalty of the sheriffs, the power of appointing them was taken over by William the conqueror when he came into power. In the early 18th century, the system established by William the conqueror was borrowed by Philadelphia, Boston and New York with each having 10 official patrol areas (Randolph, 2005). The 19th cent ury industrialization and population growth brought about the need for police departments in municipals. Although New York and Philadelphia had 24 hour police force in service by 1830, some counties still operate under the sheriff system today. The difference is that the sheriffs are not appointed through local governments, but rather elected by citizens. Today, managers within the criminal justice system are knowledgeable in security, police and disaster management fields. Within the judiciary, before the revolution, American courts followed laws that Great Britain had handed down to them. However, the settlers and colonists later rejected the English laws because they did not grant them equal rights as Englishmen under The Great Charter of the Liberties of England (Friedman, 1993). They rejected attempts to be governed by the English Parliament from overseas yet they were not accorded representation. The subsequent rebellion ended in the American Revolution. With the adoption of the

Customer Relationship Marketing in Action within the Retail sector Coursework

Customer Relationship Marketing in Action within the Retail sector - Coursework Example Quality of customer service is central to service marketing, which is possible through CRM. Quality of customer service can be enhanced when trust, commitment, communication, empathy and conflict handling are given importance in relationship building. These become important because relationship quality has significant influence on customer loyalty (Prasad & Aryasri, 2008). CRM is also about acquiring the right customer and not all customers. This is justified because 80 percent of sales are derived from 30 percent of the customers (Hawkes, 2003). Apart from identifying high value customers, CRM is also about managing the entire lifestyle of customers (Lambe, 2001). Retailers have to look beyond the transactions of the customer. It is equally important to derive information on how the customer became the customer as well as the interactions surrounding customer’s departure. These would help the retailers to better retain customers. Knowing of their life style implies that CRM s hould be able to anticipate and predict the future needs of the customers Suitability and effectiveness of CRM strategy of Tesco and Sainsbury Tesco’s Club card scheme generated information on pricing, customer services, merchandizing, promotions, media effectiveness, customer acquisitions and communications (Hassan & Parves, 2013). ... Their tesco.com is also aimed at keeping in touch with their customers. The Nectar card scheme of Sainsbury is aimed at attracting more customers by having increased number of partners (Hassan & Parves, 2013). Sainsbury customers redeem their loyalty points and the retailer experienced the highest number of Nectar card users during Christmas 2011. Such redemption enabled the retailer to understand the potential customer base. Sainsbury also has a strong presence on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Sainsbury gathers information on customer experience which is lacking at Tesco. Both Tesco and Sainsbury have loyalty cards aimed at retaining customers. Boedeker (1997) however, contends that loyalty cards are based on the assumption that special offers and bonus points would be the only reason that customers would not deflect. Economic aspects are only one of the benefits that consumers seek. A study by Turner and Wilson (2006) found that customers at Tesco may be sho pping more because of Tesco Club cards but they do not feel more valued because of these cards. This undermines the very purpose of CRM as no relationship has been built. The success of loyalty cards is not limited to enhanced sales or profits. Their card only promotes incentivized loyalty and no emotional loyalty has taken place as customers are not influenced by brands. Hassan and Parves also found that loyalty card holders at both Tesco and Sainsbury do not limit their shopping only within these two retailers. Possibly this could be because of weak value proposition and flawed design of the loyalty cards (Bayraktar, Yilmaz & Yamak, 2010). Also, the companies may not be able to analyze all of the data generated through

Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics Essay Example for Free

Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics Essay The opportunity to evaluate original research serves as one of the many foundations to both scholarly writing and research (Grand Canyon University, 2013). Therefore, to enhance this process I will critique empirical research articles for the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness in understanding leadership ethics. So, using the literature presented within in the works of â€Å"Predictors of Ethical Code Use and Ethical Tolerance in the Public Sector† by Neal Ashkanasy, Sarah Falkus, and Victor Callan along with â€Å"Advancing Ethics in Public Organizations: The Impact of an Ethics Program on Employees’ Perceptions and Behaviors in a Regional Council† by Itai Beeri, Rachel Dayan, Eran Vigoda-Gadot, and Simcha Werner, and finally, â€Å" An Empirical Study of Leader Ethical Values, Transformational and Transactional Leadership, and Follower Attitudes Toward Corporate Social Responsibility† by Kevin Groves and Michael LaRocca comparisons will be made on the relevance and need for research purposes. In comparison, the authors of each study utilize ethical behaviors for the purpose of comparing relationships, perceptions, and beliefs associated with measures of ethical practice. Furthermore, reasonable justification for conducting the research presented in each study is outlined as evidence from the posed research questions and is validated within the results of each piece of literature reviewed. Posed Research Questions Relating the Authors in the Comparison Similarly, the literature within each study focused on ethical practice and how it used to enhance behavior of individuals within organizations. However, assertions within the scope of the posed research questions present relevant generalizations for each study. For example, Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) focused on variables that formulated predictive roles of organizational, individual, group, and contextual levels for utilizing formal codes of conduct. These variables were developed to serve as predictors of ethical tolerance as a result of formal code use. Whereas, organizational commitment (OC), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and quality of work life (QWL) are the basis in which Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werner (2013) perceive positive relationships are built as ethical resources are generated. Hence, these three areas promote awareness of ethical leadership and decision making in addition to the ethics code. Further, Groves and LaRocca (2011) incorporate the notion of corporate social responsibility by modeling both transformational and transactional leadership styles. Here, the idea is leaders with deontological values of ethics will be perceived as modeling transformational leadership, while leaders with teleological values of ethics are perceived as modeling transactional leadership (Groves et al. , 2011). Although each study assessed various ethical practices, each displays similarities in presenting study results as a means of validating posed questions of research. Sample Populations The results recorded from evaluations used in the sample populations’ highlighted evidence relevant to that of measures needed to verify theory associated with ethical practice. Hence, each study presented the results through a form of statistical analysis in which various test groups within the field of research were used. Moreover, similar methods were incorporated to assess the results of the respondents within all three studies. Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan’s Approach This evaluation involved mailed questionnaires to public sector employees in one State of Australia. The principal method of conducting this study was based on hierarchical regression, and addressed several factors such as: demographic measures, personal ethical values and attitudes, context and group-level variables, and organizational practices (pg. 245, 2000). Given the basis of evidence Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) used this method of analysis to assert that ethical decisions are more likely to be influenced by employees, versus the effect of group and individual variables. Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werner’s Approach In lieu of the goal to test the relationships between ethics and performance within governments locally, Beeri et al. , (2013) used questionnaires to evaluate the long term effects of an ethics program on employees’ perceptions, and the behavior in one council of an Israeli region. This as a result, stems from awareness of ethical codes, and inclusion of employees in the ethical decision making process. Groves and LaRocca’s Approach Groves and LaRocca (2011) utilized voluntary community-based leadership programs that targeted educational values on ethics. The leaders of these community based programs were emailed a link with instructions for participation with an online questionnaire. The assumption here was that training on both transformational and transactional leadership, in addition to ethical decision making and CSR would now be implemented. Results Analysis All in all, the results displayed by the analysis of each study correspond to the overall effort of the posed research. For example, supported results aligned with study hypotheses, but signified that certain mechanisms underlie the criterion for each of the tested variables on different levels according to Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000). Whereas, Beeri et al. , (2013) report a greater awareness in ethical codes and decision making along with increased organizational commitment is achieved as a result of positive ethical leadership. And finally, Groves and LaRocca (2011) correlated their findings with the original prediction that transformational leadership alone was aligned with the beliefs of followers in view of the corporate social responsibility of stakeholders. Conclusion Study Limitations of Articles To fully appreciate the level of understanding needed to evaluate literature of empirical research, a description of the methodology, research questions and an analysis of results must be presented to determine the validity of the overall analysis. And as such, each study discussed within the contents of this paper has been successful in delivering on all areas to support research efforts. However, there were areas that pose limitations to future research efforts for all three studies. For example, the use of questionnaires may not represent a true assessment of the respondent’s beliefs (Ashkanasy et al. , 2000). Also, issues surrounding anonymity can urface when responding to questions concerning ethical climate (Beeri et al. , 2013). And further, influences set by both common source and common method can stimulate bias in lieu of follower values of CSR (Groves LaRocca, 2011). For future development of the practice The results yield an overall influence within organizations that build on variables to increase ethical standards. However, there are yet underlying issues for democratic organizations that stress the importance of ethics, integrity, and fairness (Beeri et al. , 2013). And recommendations for further study are necessary to promote the continuous effort of influencing follower perceptions toward ethical commitments.

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal Akinlabi Boluwarinde Oluwatosin BACKGROUND Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, most commonly for decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of a metal. There are also specific types of electroplating such as copper plating, silver plating, and chromium plating. Electroplating allows manufacturers to use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc for the majority of the product and then apply different metals on the outside to account for appearance, protection, and other properties desired for the product. The surface can be a metal or even plastic.[1] RESEARCH QUESTION How does varying the voltage of the circuit affect the rate of electroplating a metal with copper? HYPOTHESIS The voltage of the cell also known as the E.M.F (electromotive force) is known to be the force that drives the current thhrough the circuit. It is expected that by increasing the Voltage the circuit will lead to an increase in the rate of electroplating the metal as more current will flow easily throughout the circuit. VARIABLES Independent Variable The voltage of the circuit Dependent Variable The mass of pure copper electroplated onto the metal Controlled Variable The amount of time allowed for reaction The concentration of the electrolyte solution The metal rod used CONTROL OF VARIABLES The amount of time allowed for reaction to occur will be measured with the use of a stopwatch. The voltage of the circuit will be increased by a fix aed amount of 1.5V to keep the experiment and easily measure a changein rate. The same metal rod will be used throughout the experiment for all trials and of the different voltage. The mass of the metal rod to be used is 7g APPARATUS Cells Low resistance wire Copper solid Electrolyte (copper sulphate solution) Electric Balance Stopwatch Metal rod Voltmeter Beaker METHOD I Setup the circuit as shown in the diagram below. I measured the initial mass of the metal and recorded it.Starting with one cell of 1.5V. I closed the circuit and allowed the reaction to occur for 10 minutes. I removed the electroplated metal and measured its mass and recorded it in the table. I Repeated the experiment increasing the number of cell each time and recorded the mass of the of the electroplated metal each time. SAFTEY PRECAUTIONS There is the risk of electrocution if care is not taken. To avoid this the use of well protected wires is necessary and great care must be taken when carrying out the experiment. DATA COLLECTION Raw Data Voltage /v Mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 1.5 7.8 7.9 7.9 3.0 8.9 8.7 8.8 4.5 10.0 9.9 9.9 6.0 11.1 11.2 10.9 Qualitative Observations: The pure copper solid used became faded after it was used in the electrolysis reaction. There was still some residue of copper left on the metal rod after rinsing it. The voltage recorded by the voltmeter was not constant but varried in range that was close to the desired value The mass of the metal rod used is 7g Processed Data Voltage /v Mean Average mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Mass of copper added to rod /g  ± 0.1g 1.5 7.9 0.9 3.0 8.8 1.8 4.5 9.9 2.9 6.0 11.1 4.1 The data has been processed. The mean of the three trials for each voltage has been calculated and represented on the table above as Mean Average mass of metal. Also the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod was calculated using the equation: Graph 1 Graph 2 CONCLUSION As expected when there was an increase in the voltage flowing in the circuit the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod increased too. This is because as the voltage increases a larger number of electrons flow from the cell or battery into the anode which causes the formation of copper ions to occur faster and so more ions are attracted to the metal rod (cathode) in the given time. The relationship between mass of copper electroplated and voltage can be seen on both graph 1 and graph 2 above. In graph 1 there is an increase in mass as voltage increases but the graph obtained is a slight curve rather than a straight line which indicates random errors, this could likely be due to the voltage fluctuating in circuit. Graph 2 shows a line of best fit for the graph and it is a straight line graph as expected, the error bars are plotted as well. The line passes through all the error bar ranges but does not touch any of the points on the graph and it does not pass through the origin (0,0), this may be due to systematic errors such as errors in the electric balance when measuring the mass of the metal rod before and after electroplating. The linear correlation is 0.998, which suggest very strong correlation between the two variables. EVALUATION The graph of values obtained was not exactly the same as what was expeted. A straight line graph starting from the origin was the expected graph but the graph ontained after a lin of bestt fit was plotted started from the y-intercept -0.25. This was due to errors in the experiment. Random errors such as the fluctuation of the voltage flowing through the circuit as a result of the chemicl reactions going on in the cell led to some of these errors. The voltmeter showed values that ranged from below to above the value of the voltage required indicating that this variable was not kept constant. The deviations were very little and not too far from the required voltage but were still enough to cause errors. It is also possible that because the same solution was used for all trials not all the copper ions had been electroplated onto the metal rod, this could have altered the concentration of the electrolyte (copper sulphate) leading to more errors as the concentration of the electrolyte als o has an effect on the rate of electroplating. Systematic errors were also present throughout the experiment, errors in measuring the mass of the of the metal rod before and after electroplating and also in measuring the mass of the anhydrous copper sulfate solution. This may have been due to poor caliberation before the experiment was carried out. The copper used may also have not been pure as it is possible that there were impurities in the copper solid used. Finally not all of the copper was rinsed off the metal rod before it was used for the next trial which could have altered the total mass when the mass of the metal after electro plating was measured. Errors in measuring the volume of water to be added to the beaker could also have been present. Systematic errors in the stopwatch used such as the delay in starting when the timer was started. The experiment also depended on human reaction time which is known to less accurate than machines, this will have led to more errors. It is impossible to keep the voltage of the cells constant but the range of values can be reduced by using new cells. The eleectric balance cshould be well caliberated before carring out the experiment and a balance with a higher degree of accuracy and sensitivity (measures to more decimal places) could be used. Before each trial a new electrolyte solution could be used to avoid any changes in concentration during the experiment. The experiment could have been automated using a switch that opened after ten minutes from when it was closed to eliminate the error as a result of dependence on human response time. The experiment could also have been repeated more times to reduce errors and increase accuracy. Also a lager rane of voltages could have been tested to gain more data for better more accurate analysis. [1]  http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Electrochemistry/Electrolytic_Cells/Electroplating