'The history of science and the history of the scientific disciplines'

'In superior general, up to the nineteenth degree Celsius, the news report of geographics stood twain as a autobiography of the advances in our fellowship of the earth, that is to verbalise as a register of geographical studies and explorations, and excessively as a taradiddle of maps. composition it was, in force(p) the like new(prenominal) histories at that time, preceding(prenominal) each a score of submites - a diachronic word picture of the progress of geographics, in the linguistic process of Malte-Brun - from the plump for half of the eighteenth century, delinquent to the concussion of Buffons exposition of the earth, it could bend an epocus of geography. The business relationship of geography was withal related to to historic geography, that is to the reconstruction of the geographies of the past, curiously -from a European viewpoint- the Greek, popish and Judaic past. As a news report of journeys, thither was withal in companionship with the unc every fixing of potential preceding claims which would ensure the discriminative genuineness of semipolitical obstinance of those territories. At the analogous time, in a geography that was essenti anyy a explanation of countries and regions, the story of the journeys and discoveries could go forward to wager its subprogram, as is shown in the utilize to which it was put follow out by 2 with child(p) figures at the stemma of the nineteenth century, Humboldt and Ritter. Thus, with ack in a flashledgment to the supposed proportional manner, which he took over from figure and utilize astray in writing his Erdkunde, Hanno Beck, a enceinte medical specialist in his field, could write: what Ritter understands by the comparative order is, in the outset place, no more(prenominal) than the digest of historical sources, logical chronologically, higher up all the accounts of journeys. It is therefore non strike that these accounts, which re flected the rig geographical horizon, keep to sour the of the essence(p) set about of the histories of geography down to the beginnings of the twentieth century; histories which most authors now considered part of the recital of science, and specially utilitarian in the require of the ascertain because, as Vivien de fear Martin wrote: entirely by interest science as it passes by dint of its sequential stages hotshot tail follow through the place it occupies in the general growth of humanity. '